The Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Mortality Among Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network and Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury Network Trials

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is known to predict outcomes in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but has never been studied in non-COVID-19 ARDS. We therefore aimed to determine the association of metabolic syndrome with mortality among ARDS trial subjects.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of ARDS trials' data.

Setting: An ancillary analysis was conducted using data from seven ARDS Network and Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury Network randomized trials within the Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center database.

Patients: Hospitalized patients with ARDS and metabolic syndrome (defined by obesity, diabetes, and hypertension) were compared with similar patients without metabolic syndrome (those with less than three criteria).

Interventions: None.

Measurements and main results: The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Among 4288 ARDS trial participants, 454 (10.6%) with metabolic syndrome were compared with 3834 controls (89.4%). In adjusted analyses, the metabolic syndrome group was associated with lower 28-day and 90-day mortality when compared with control (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.70 [95% CI, 0.55-0.89] and 0.75 [95% CI, 0.60-0.95], respectively). With each additional metabolic criterion from 0 to 3, adjusted 28-day mortality was reduced by 18%, 22%, and 40%, respectively. In subgroup analyses stratifying by ARDS etiology, mortality was lower for metabolic syndrome vs. control in ARDS caused by sepsis or pneumonia (at 28 d, aOR 0.64 [95% CI, 0.48-0.84] and 90 d, aOR 0.69 [95% CI, 0.53-0.89]), but not in ARDS from noninfectious causes (at 28 d, aOR 1.18 [95% CI, 0.70-1.99] and 90 d, aOR 1.26 [95% CI, 0.77-2.06]). Interaction p = 0.04 and p = 0.02 for 28- and 90-day comparisons, respectively.

Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome in ARDS was associated with a lower risk of mortality in non-COVID-19 ARDS. The relationship between metabolic inflammation and ARDS may provide a novel biological pathway to be explored in precision medicine-based trials.